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Glossary

lithography

Like a film camera exposing an image onto film, it projects circuit blueprints onto a wafer with light. Also called lithography. Shorter wavelengths draw finer circuits, which is why generations are named after the light used: DUV (deep ultraviolet) and EUV (extreme ultraviolet). ASML of the Netherlands effectively monopolizes cutting-edge EUV machines, making export controls on them a central tool of chip geopolitics.

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